Blogswarm - Online Political News Magazine

Here, take it (4.00 / 2) http://img3.exs.cx/img3/2923/hush.jpg Computers are useless. They can only give you answers. - Pablo Picasso

by PBJ Diddy

 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6363855/

Brokaw: "Do you think we'll know Tuesday night given all these disputes across the country?"

Bush: "I certainly hope so. I think it is vital that whichever one of us wins that night. Because it's really important. People are watching this election closely from around the world... I do think it's important for us to get the election over with and get on with the people's business. We'll see how it goes Tuesday night, but I really think it's important not to have a world of lawsuits that stop the will of the people from going forward."

Sunday on the Campaign Trail with Ginny by Chris Bowers This week, I had the time of my activist life working / witnessing the Ginny Schrader campaign in action. It was a grassroots, citizen-based campaign the likes of which I have never seen before in my life. Ginny herself is a remarkable, fantastic person. If John Kerry wins tomorrow, I will still be depressed if Ginny Schrader loses. She is exactly the sort of person we need in Congress, the sort of person everyone says they want in Congress. She is the American Dream in the flesh. House 2004 :: Mon Nov 1st, 2004 at 10:52:06 PM EST

Here are just some of the things I learned about Ginny's campaign during my two days: No staff member has been paid in about a month. Nearly all of the money they raised went directly to campaign related activities, even though they raised more than $400K over the past three months. In addition to funding the final mailing, our final few contributions probably meant that the staffers would not go home completely empty-handed. Ginny's campaign might be the first congressional campaign in history to raise the majority of its money online. Ginny received the majority of her money form blogs, MoveOn, DFA and direct online contributions. Over the final week, the campaign is fueled primarily by several hundred volunteers, most from in-state who just walked into either the campaign office or one of the five Democratic coordinated campaign offices in Bucks county. Apart from organizations such as ACT, MoveOn labor and environmental groups, there are nearly 1,000 volunteers walking Bucks county in the coordinated Democratic campaign this week. Bucks has just under 600,000 people. If Kerry reaches 55 or 56% in Bucks county, Ginny will win. I have seen the numbers in the county, both for the congressional and Presidential campaign, and this is very doable. Right now, Bush is stuck in the mid to low forties in the district. On Sunday morning, before noon, I helped seventy-five volunteers stream into the office, fold literature, be quickly and orderly assigned walking lists, and sent into the field to work with the over 200 volunteers at one of four offices of the Bucks County Democratic coordinated campaign. Also on Sunday, starting at 7:30 am, well before Ginny spoke in a predominantly African-American church in the MontCo corridor of the PA-08, an RV covered with Ginny signs, called the "Ginny mobile" was already touring the streets. Playing music and with former Congressman Mike Forbes as MC, Ginny would jump out of the RV every so often to shake hands with enthusiastic supporters. I was frequently aboard the RV, and being there gave me a feeling of utter confidence and excitement about the campaign. I saw Ginny walk tables in a diner with Senator Bill Bradley, who I had the honor of meeting and chatting with for a couple minutes (we actually talked about, of all things, Chris Mathews). I shared a free loaf of bread with the staffers, Ernestine Bradley (Bill's wife), George Schrader (Ginny's husband) and Ginny's two young granddaughters, who came to the diner for the event. I saw Senator Bradley, usually reserved, immediately perk up and give the most intelligent, thoughtful response to any question the second he was asked. He was remarkable--the political equivalent of what my father said Jim Brown was like as a football player (Brown walked back to the huddle as slowly as possible to conserve energy, but he would explode whenever he was handed the ball). I saw staffers, most of whom were younger than myself, act with incredible professionalism and dedication even as they casually chatted with me about blogging, Senate campaigns and swing states. I did not keep an exact count, but I think the staff thanked me more than one hundred times for the help the netroots had given to the campaign. I saw a rally of two hundred volunteers greet us when we arrived at the one of the coordinated campaign offices, cheering like mad as Ginny, Senator Bradley and everyone else stepped out of the RV. I saw Ginny and Bill give excellent speeches, and then I saw all two hundred volunteers return to canvassing only a few minutes later. In the midst of a campaign fueled almost entirely by small donations averaging $40 and hundreds of volunteer activists, I saw NRCC TV ads calling Ginny Schrader and Lois Murphy terrorists who supported the rape of young girls. Now you tell me, how am I supposed to have any respect for Republicans at all after seeing that? It was the face of pure hatred scowling at a group of active citizens filled with hope. The NRCC is running this ad nationally to attack every Democrat in a close election--how can you have any respect for Republicans at all after this attack? In short, I saw politics the way it should be run: a fully functional grassroots campaign supported by the larger party. I also saw it up against the definition of how politics should not be run: an evil smear campaign used in an attempt to perpetuate a radical agenda. A loss here would be a profound defeat for American politics. Then again, that Ginny is close is already a huge victory. This is what the blogosphere has wrought.

http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/eminem/mosh.html

Osama Bin Laden Tape Threatens U.S. States Not to Vote for Bush
By: Yigal Carmon*

The tape of Osama bin Laden that was aired on Al-Jazeera [1] on Friday, October 29th included a specific threat to "each U.S. state," designed to influence the outcome of the upcoming election against George W. Bush. The U.S. media in general mistranslated the words "ay wilaya" (which means "each U.S. state") [2] to mean a "country" or "nation" other than the U.S., while in fact the threat was directed specifically at each individual U.S. state. This suggests some knowledge by bin Laden of the U.S. electoral college system. In a section of his speech in which he harshly criticized George W. Bush, bin Laden stated: "Any U.S. state that does not toy with our security automatically guarantees its own security."

The Islamist website Al-Qal'a explained what this sentence meant: "This message was a warning to every U.S. state separately. When he [Osama Bin Laden] said, 'Every state will be determining its own security, and will be responsible for its choice,' it means that any U.S. state that will choose to vote for the white thug Bush as president has chosen to fight us, and we will consider it our enemy, and any state that will vote against Bush has chosen to make peace with us, and we will not characterize it as an enemy. By this characterization, Sheikh Osama wants to drive a wedge in the American body, to weaken it, and he wants to divide the American people itself between enemies of Islam and the Muslims, and those who fight for us, so that he doesn't treat all American people as if they're the same. This letter will have great implications inside the American society, part of which are connected to the American elections, and part of which are connected to what will come after the elections." [3]

Another interesting aspect of the speech is the fact that while bin Laden made his specific threat to each U.S. state, he also offered an election deal to the American voters, attempting to influence the election by these means rather than influencing it through terrorist attacks. [4] This peace offer is a theme that follows up on his April speech directed to Europe, in which he offered a truce. [5] The Islamist website Al-Islah explains: "Some people ask 'what's new in this tape?' [The answer is that] this tape is the second of its kind, after the previous tape of the Sheikh [Osama bin Laden], in which he offered a truce to the Europeans a few months ago, and it is a completion of this move, and it brings together the complementary elements of politics and religion, political savvy and force, the sword and justice. The Sheikh reminds the West in this tape of the great Islamic civilization and pure Islamic religion, and of Islamic justice…" [6]

Another conspicuous aspect of the tape is the absence of common Islamist themes that are relevant to the month of Ramadan, which for fundamentalists like bin Laden is the month of Jihad and martyrdom. Noticeably absent from the Al-Jazeera tape was his usual appearance with a weapon, and more importantly the absence of references to Jihad, martyrdom, the Koran, the Hadith (Islamic tradition), Crusaders, Jews, and the legacy of the Prophet Muhammad on the duty to wage Jihad against the infidels. For the followers of the Al-Qa'ida ideology, this speech sends a regressive and defeatist message of surrender, as seen in the move from solely using Jihad warfare to a mixed strategy of threats combined with truce offers and election deals.

The following are the relevant excerpts from the speech; for the full excerpts visit the MEMRI TV Project at www.memritv.org: [7]

"Oh the American people, I address these words to you regarding the optimal manner of avoiding another Manhattan, and regarding the war, its causes, and its consequences. But before this, I say to you: Security is one of the important pillars of human life, and free men do not take their security lightly, contrary to Bush's claim that we hate freedom. Let him explain why we did not attack Sweden, for example. Clearly, those who hate freedom have no pride, unlike the 19 [suicide hijackers of 9/11], may Allah have mercy on them. We have been fighting you because we are free men who do not remain silent in the face of injustice. We want to restore our [Islamic] nation's freedom. Just as you violate our security, we violate yours.

"But I am amazed at you. Although we have entered the fourth year after the events of 9/11, Bush is still practicing distortion and deception against you and he is still concealing the true cause from you. Consequently, the motives for its reoccurrence still exist…

"We had no difficulty dealing with Bush and his administration, because it resembles the regimes in our [Arab] countries, half of which are ruled by the military, and the other half are ruled by the sons of kings and presidents with whom we have had a lot of experience. Among both types, there are many who are known for their conceit, arrogance, greed, and for taking money dishonestly.

"This resemblance began with the visit of Bush Sr. to the region. While some of our people were dazzled by the U.S. and hoped that these visits would influence our countries, it was he who was influenced by these monarchic and military regimes. He envied them for remaining in their positions for decades, while embezzling the nation's public funds with no supervision whatsoever. He bequeathed tyranny and the suppression of liberties to his son and they called it the Patriot Act, under the pretext of the war on terrorism.

"Bush Sr. liked the idea of appointing [his] sons as state governors. Similarly, he did not neglect to import into Florida the expertise in falsifying [elections] from the leaders of this region in order to benefit from it in difficult moments.

"We agreed with the general commander Muhammad Atta, may Allah have mercy on him, that all operations should be carried out within 20 minutes, before Bush and his administration would become aware. We never imagined that the Commander in Chief of the American armed forces would abandon 50,000 of his citizens in the twin towers to face this great horror alone when they needed him most. It seemed to him that a girl's story about her goat and its butting was more important than dealing with planes and their 'butting' into skyscrapers. This allowed us three times the amount of time needed for the operations, Allah be praised.

"Your security is not in the hands of Kerry or Bush or Al-Qa'ida. Your security is in your own hands, and any U.S. state that does not toy with our security automatically guarantees its own security."

* Yigal Carmon is the President of MEMRI.

---

[1] Al-Jazeera (Qatar), October 27, 2004.

[2] "Wilaya" refers specifically to a U.S. state; it would never refer to an independent country. The term for such a country is "Dawla."

[3] https://www.qal3ati.com/vb/showthread.php?t=115812

[4] To illustrate this principle, he uses Sweden as a model of a country that was never attacked by Al-Qa'ida.

[5] See MEMRI Special Dispatch No. 695, April 15, 2004, "Osama Bin Laden Speech Offers Peace Treaty with Europe, Says Al-Qa'ida 'Will Persist in Fighting' the U.S." http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP69504

[6] www.islahi.net/vboard/showthread.php?t=116432

[7] To view the full tape aired on Al-Jazeera or read the transcript, visit http://memritv.org/Search.asp?ACT=S9&P1=312.

URGENT: Kos Rsrch Dept. FL Kossacks: FL Needs your help! (Update)
by Mordecai
Tue Nov 2nd, 2004 at 00:33:31 GMT

Hey Kossacks. I'm manning the complaint line in southern Florida for ACT and in the last two hours we have been receiving complaints from residents in Broward, Palm Beach and Ft. Lauderdale that they have received calls regarding a precinct change for their voting tomorrow. We need you to find all the news stations in our region in time for the 11:00 news. Please make clear that you only want them to notify Floridians that should they receive a call telling them that their polling place has changed that they should disregard it. Florida Kossacks should report any and all shenanigans they have bourne witness to as well. Here is the full complaint report from Voter Protect.

I'll start you off: WPTV NBC West Palm Beach News Room (561-653-5700.)

WPEC CBS Channel 12: 561-848-NEWS.

It would be awesome if you wouldn't mind notifying Air America as well. They can spread word to more Floridians to stop this madness. And please, reccomend the hell out of this diary, we need to crush them.

Back to the war room go I. Someone please take the lead here. We got them on the ropes. It's our time. GOTV, ya'll GOTV.

Diaries :: Mordecai's diary ::

Update [2004-11-1 20:55:8 by Mordecai]:Fox 29. News Tip Phone Number: 561-848-NEWS
Update [2004-11-1 21:45:22 by Mordecai]: CNN 404.827.1500 Ask for the Newsroom

Update [2004-11-1 22:17:9 by Mordecai]:Please write into Hardblogger's Citizen Report and submit this story.

WBZL 39 - WB affiliate.

WFOR - CBS affiliate. 305-591-4444.

WLRN - Dade County Cable Television Access Project (Cable-TAP); Community Access Channels 36 and 37. 172 NE 15th Street Miami, FL 33132 info@wlrn.org 305-995-1717 - Main 305-995-2299 - Fax

WPBT - public television. WPBT Channel 2 P.O. Box 2 Miami, FL 33261-0002

(305)949-8321 Fax: (305)944-4211

WPLG 10 - ABC affiliate. (305) 576-1010 or at the Broward bureau at (954) 763-4577

WSVN 7 - FOX affiliate.

WTVJ 6 - NBC affiliate - Our Tip-Line: 954-622-6222

Update [2004-11-1 22:24:58 by Mordecai]:Florida Radio Stations. For example:

NEWSRADIO 1290 WJNO
West Palm Beach
(561) 882-3393

Or search here by city or zip code:
Radio Locater. (577 stations listed for Florida.)

Another link for media contact info:  Florida Media - Absolutely Florida!

Some West Palm Beach TV stations:

WPTV Channel 5 - (local NBC affiliate)
WPEC Channel 12 - (local CBS affiliate)
WPBF Channel 25 - (local ABC affiliate)
WFLX Channel 29 - (local FOX affiliate)
WTVX Channel 34 - (local UPN affiliate)
WBZL Channel 39 - (local Warner Brothers affiliate)
WXEL TV Channel 42 - (local PBS station; also website for radio station 90.7 FM)
WPXP Channel 67 - (PAX TV Network based in West Palm Beach)

From the comments: She just got a call from a woman who told her that her polling place had been changed. The woman gave her new polling place info, and my friend's mother challenged her, because she knew the new location wasn't in her district. When she asked to speak to the woman's supervisor, the woman hung up. My friend's mother then called the Kerry campaign office. They said they had gotten at least 50 calls from elderly voters in the last few hours complaining about the same thing.

http://www.electionprotection2004.org/about.htm

In the largest national voter protection mobilization since Freedom Summer forty years ago, thousands of Americans are packing their bags and preparing to travel to other states in order to encourage and protect voters at risk of disenfranchisement this November 2. The nonpartisan Election Protection coalition, a collaboration involving more than 100 national, state, and local public interest groups, is building upon the expertise, experience, passion and moral leadership of the civil rights community and creating a new infrastructure to support and sustain ongoing and future efforts to energize civic participation in America.

Why Election Protection?

The 2000 elections were a wake-up call. In the aftermath of the election fiasco in Florida, it became clear that problems had not been limited to Florida. In fact, according to a 2001 Caltech-MIT study, more than four million Americans from all over the country were disenfranchised in 2000. People were denied the right to cast a vote – or to have their vote counted – by a range of problems, including faulty equipment, poorly designed ballots, and untrained poll workers, as well as voter intimidation and suppression efforts and other illegal actions by public officials.

Many of the people victimized in Florida were first-time voters who had responded to energetic registration programs designed to boost civic participation by minority voters who have traditionally been underrepresented at the polls. Election Protection was created to ensure that voters turned away from the ballot box in 2000 did not turn away from civic engagement, and to provide voters with better information about their rights as well as strong legal backup to help them protect those rights.

In spite of the intensely divisive and damaging problems that influenced the outcome of the 2000 election, and in spite of federal and state legislation intended to address those problems, the nation’s electoral system remains a patchwork of registration and voting systems, with too few meaningful safeguards to protect voters’ rights. In addition, outright efforts to dissuade, discourage, and disenfranchise voters continue at a dismaying pace, as documented in The Long Shadow of Jim Crow: Voter Intimidation and Suppression in America, published in August by People For the American Way Foundation and the NAACP. And the potential for systemic breakdowns is heightened by intensive voter registration efforts and the first-time use of new voting technologies in many areas.

Freedom Fall 2004

In the days leading to the election, some 25,000 Americans will volunteer for nonpartisan Election Protection efforts across the country – already more than 12,000 have received Election Protection training. This week, more than 1,200 volunteers were trained in a single night. Some 6,000 attorneys and law students are volunteering their expertise to voters. More than 2,000 college and high school students will board buses to provide voter assistance at the polls. Volunteers will work through more than 52 field offices and 38 legal command centers stationed around the country.

The Election Protection “Nerve Center” at People For the American Way Foundation’s Washington, D.C. headquarters, continues to operate as a voter assistance and coalition information sharing clearinghouse, with 34 computers and 55 telephone lines. Forty staffers and hundreds of volunteers recruited through Election Protection partner organizations operate the Nerve Center seven days a week from 8am to 9pm EST on weekdays and 9am to 6pm EST on weekends. On Election Day, information will pour into the Nerve Center from the field offices and legal command centers around the country. Reporters are free to call the Nerve Center at 866-204-1941 or People For the American Way Foundation at 202-467-4999 to get the latest information.

Election Protection – the Program

Election Protection 2004 is the nation’s most far-reaching effort to protect voter rights before and on Election Day. The historic nonpartisan program includes:

• A toll-free number, 1-866-OUR-VOTE, with free, immediate and multi-lingual assistance to help voters with questions about registration and voting, and assist voters who encounter barriers to the ballot box. Thousands of callers have already been assisted in finding out where and how to register and vote.
• More than five million “Voters’ Bills of Rights” with state-specific information are being distributed by coalition partners across the nation.
• 25,000 volunteers, including 6,000 lawyers and law students, to watch for problems and assist voters on the spot at more than 3,500 predominantly African-American and Latino precincts with a history of disenfranchisement in at least 17 states.
• Civil rights lawyers and advocates to represent voters in lawsuits, preserve access to the polls, expose and prevent voter intimidation, work with election officials to identify and solve problems with new voting machines, technology and ballot forms, and protect voter rights in advance and on Election Day.
• The www.electionprotection2004.com web site, where voter education materials and resources can be downloaded, and volunteers can sign up to contribute their time, talents and money to safeguard a fair election process in 2004.

Election Protection – the Coalition

Election Protection draws its strength from a coalition of more than 100 national, state and local partners. Coalition partners include: People For the American Way Foundation, the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, NAACP, the Voter Protection Project of America’s Families United, the National Coalition on Black Civic Participation, the AFL-CIO, the Advancement Project, Working Assets, the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, the National Council of La Raza, the NAACP National Voter Fund, the League of United Latin American Citizens, the League of Women Voters and Common Cause. The American Bar Association, the National Bar Association, and the Hispanic Bar Association have all endorsed this vital initiative that goes to the heart and soul of our democracy.

http://www.electionprotection2004.org/about.htm

Republicans Know.
by michael in chicago
Mon Nov 1st, 2004 at 22:12:17 GMT

Republicans know. Gone are the smirks and the quick sarcastic jabs. The laughing "flip-flopper" comments have ended long ago. The brazen machismo, the swagger, the dismissive eye rolls are all history now. Talk to a Bush supporter and listen to the desperation in their tone, the question in their voice, the fear in their increasingly petty attacks. They know.

Kerry is going to win.

Even the flagship, the mouth piece of the GOP, the chief propaganda arm of the right, Fox News has Kerry up in it's polls. Actually, most of the polls show Kerry either leading or with the momentum.

Bush is making his last stop in Dallas. No not Des Moines. Not Detroit. Not Palm Beach. Not Madison.  Dallas. Yes, that Dallas, in the heart of Texas. In the heart of what was supposed to be solid, rabid, unadulterated Bush country. What's that? There's congressional races in which the Republicans are not doing as well as they thought? In Texas? Kind of has the whiff of desperation, that does. If such a trivial can chance upon such a rabid Bush stronghold, then be afraid, my republican Republican brothers and sisters.

Even with them screwing with the ballots, arresting journalists covering early voting, and electronic voting machines supporting Bush, Florida is still trending Kerry. Don't believe me? Go read Fox News were today they put it at Kerry 49% to Bush at 44%. No kidding!

They know. The first stage of grief is denial. All the Bush supporters I know, and I am outnumbered by them, are in the full throws of denial. Next on our stages of grief comes Anger, which should rear it's ugly head around Wednesday morning for the GOP. Watch the outrage they will pour out for the rest of this week about all those.. those...those... minorities who the democrats registered in record numbers made sure they voted. The nerve!

No boys and girls, it won't be because of minorities. It will be because of Americans. It will be Americans who will vote this year in record numbers. Americans who will vote their conscience, not what the pollsters, the talking heads, or the "So Called Liberal Media" told them to vote. Americans who will vote for inclusion rather than division, openness rather than secrecy, and the rule of law rather than the laws of the ruling. It will be Americans who will vote to restore an America based on the true moral authority that asks that we be on God's side, not he on ours.

It won't be minorities. It won't be independents. It won't be the "Security Moms", "NASCAR Dads", or the youth vote. Americans will elect John Kerry. Even the Republicans know this.

Update: This is not a pre-mature "we've won" diary. We have not won yet. This is a diary noting the other side's fear as another sign that our chances look brighter every day. We must GOTV. As Kos said earlier, Kerry doesn't need a win, he needs a mandate. Keep working. Thanks to those who recommended this diary.

Young cell phone users behind Kerry

The young cell phone crowd backs Kerry for president, according to a novel poll taken exclusively over mobile phones.

Among 18- to 29-year-old likely voters, 55 percent favored Democratic candidate John Kerry, while 40 percent preferred incumbent George Bush, according to the study, conducted by polling firm Zogby International and nonprofit group Rock the Vote.

The findings may address the concern that traditional polling efforts don't reach young people who strictly use a mobile phone.

"Rock the Vote's mission is to encourage young Americans to be heard in the political process," Jehmu Greene, president of Rock the Vote, said in a statement. "Because this group has been increasingly underrepresented in traditional polls, our mobile-phone poll, conducted with Zogby, takes a first step toward capturing the political attitudes of youth voters--reaching them while they are on the go."

Other polls predict that Tuesday's presidential election will be close, making the new text-messaging poll potentially significant. In the survey of 6,039 likely voters, 1.6 percent chose Independent Ralph Nader, and 4 percent remained undecided. The poll was conducted Oct. 27 through 30 and has a margin of error of plus or minus 1.2 percentage points. Its results were weighted for region, gender and political party.

Against the standard view that young people care little about voting, the poll found that only 2.3 percent of 18- to 29-year-old respondents said they did not plan to vote. Another 0.5 percent were not sure if they would vote.

Participants came from the 120,000 subscribers of Rock the Vote Mobile, a system put in place by Rock the Vote and mobile-phone maker Motorola.

John Zogby, CEO and president of the Utica, N.Y., polling firm, said his company plans to explore future text message surveys in response to concerns throughout the polling industry about reaching mobile-phone users.

He also said the new poll's results jibe with other research.

"Among 18- to 29-year-olds, Kerry leads the president by 14 points--55 percent to 41 percent in our current daily tracking poll--virtually identical to these results," Zogby said in a statement. "Our text message poll seems to have been validated by this experiment. All in all, I think we've broken some new ground in polling."

Editorial: The youth vote / College students could make the difference

Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

In what could be a historic turnaround, 72 percent of college students in a national survey said they were registered to vote and would "definitely" cast ballots on Tuesday.

If the poll numbers gathered by Harvard's Institute of Politics play out at the voting booth, this would be a welcome change in behavior from 2000 when the majority of college students stayed away from the polls. Next week we'll know for sure if the recent rise in voter registration among college students is more than just a road paved with good intentions.

Among the students polled, Sen. John Kerry holds a double-digit lead over President Bush. If these newly registered voters follow through by casting ballots, young people may play a pivotal role in choosing the president.

Not surprisingly, there are some who would rather they did not.

Given the growing importance of this demographic, it is disheartening to learn that political operatives in battleground states have targeted these voters for Election Day mischief.

A few weeks ago in the state of Oregon, and, as Post-Gazette reporter Dennis Roddy has reported, just last week in Pennsylvania, university students had their voting registrations switched to Republican and polling locations changed when asked by canvassers to sign bogus petitions. One sought to legalize medical marijuana, another to lower auto insurance rates for young drivers, but neither was legitimate.

As registration tricks go, this one is particularly egregious because it will lead to the kind of Election Day confusion that could not only block a vote from being cast but also turn off a new voter to the process.

Some young people may find it difficult to exercise their franchise Tuesday because of these underhanded dealings. But they should persevere. Although African Americans won the right to vote a long time ago, it took decades to abolish the literacy tests and poll taxes that had been designed to discourage their participation. Still, blacks did overcome.

Young voters who want their choice to be counted can overcome these reprehensible tactics as well.